Citizens of Russia
Pre-school includes creches[1] and kindergartens. Children there learn numbers, letters, colours. But pre-school education isn’t compulsory - children can get it at home.
Compulsory education is for children from 6(7) to 17 years of age. The main link in the system of education is the general school which prepares the younger generation for life and work in modern society. There are various types of schools: general secondary schools, schools specializing in a certain subject, lyceums and others. Tuition in most of them is free of charge, but some new types of schools are fee-paying.
The term of study in a general secondary school is 11 years and consists of primary, middle and upper stages. Children are accepted to the first grade at the age of 6 or 7. They are taught, ideally, by a single teacher through all four elementary grades (except for physical training and foreign languages). At the middle stage of a secondary school the children learn the basic laws of nature and society at the lessons of History, Algebra, Literature, Physics and many others. The school year extends from September 1 to the end of May and is divided into three or four terms. The Study Programme in schools is fixed. Students are graded on a 5-step scale, ranging in practice from 2 ("unacceptable") to 5 ("excellent"); 1 is a rarely used sign of extreme failure.
After 9th form pupils have to sit for examinations. Also, they have a choice between entering the 10th grade of a general secondary school and enrolling in a specialized secondary or vocational school. After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school all pupils have to take Unified State Examinations. One, who finishes the secondary school, receives a Secondary Education Certificate, giving the right to enter any higher educational establishment.
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